: New AI blood test technology to detect liver cancer #IndiaNEWS #Health Washington: A new artificial intelligence blood testing technology developed and used by researchers of Johns Hopkins Kimmel

New AI blood test technology to detect liver cancer #IndiaNEWS #Health
Washington: A new artificial intelligence blood testing technology developed and used by researchers of Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center to successfully detect lung cancer in a 2021 study has now detected more than 80% of liver cancers in a new study of 724 people.
The findings were reported in Cancer Discovery and at the American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer.
The blood test, called DELFI (DNA evaluation of fragments for early interception) detects fragmentation changes among DNA from cancer cells shed into the bloodstream, known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA). In the most recent study, investigators used the DELFI technology on blood plasma samples obtained from 724 individuals in the U. S. , the European Union (E. U. ) and Hong Kong to detect hepatocellular cancer (HCC), a type of liver cancer.
The researchers believe this is the first genome-wide fragmentation analysis independently validated in two high-risk populations and across different racial and ethnic groups with different causes associated with their liver cancers.
It is estimated that 400 million people worldwide are at higher risk of developing HCC because of cirrhosis from chronic liver diseases including chronic viral hepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a worldwide analysis of the burden of liver disease (J. Hepatology, 2019).
Increased early detection of liver cancer could save lives, but currently available screening tests are underutilized and miss many cancers, says Victor Velculescu, M. D. , Ph. D. , professor of oncology and co-director of the Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Program at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, who co-led the study with Zachariah Foda, M. D. , Ph. D. , gastroenterology fellow, Akshaya Annapragada, M. D. /Ph. D. student, and Amy Kim, M. D. , assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Of the 724 plasma samples studied, 501 were collected in the U. S. and E. U. and included samples from 75 people with HCC to train and validate the machine learning model, a type of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to improve accuracy, explains Foda. For validation, an additional 223 plasma samples were analyzed from individuals in Hong Kong and included samples from 90 people with HCC, 66 with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 35 with HBV-related liver cirrhosis and 32 people with no underlying risk factors.
The DELFI technology uses a blood test to measure the way DNA is packaged inside the nucleus of a cell by studying the size and amount of cell-free DNA present in the circulation from different regions across the genome.

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